Proposal and Ratification
The sixteenth amendment to the Constitution of the United States was proposed
to the legislatures of the several States by the Sixty-first Congress on the
12th of July, 1909, and was declared, in a proclamation of the Secretary of
State, dated the 25th of February, 1913, to have been ratified by 36 of the
48 States. The dates of ratification were: Alabama, August 10, 1909; Kentucky,
February 8, 1910; South Carolina, February 19, 1910; Illinois, March 1, 1910;
Mississippi, March 7, 1910; Oklahoma, March 10, 1910; Maryland, April 8, 1910;
Georgia, August 3, 1910; Texas, August 16, 1910; Ohio, January 19, 1911; Idaho,
January 20, 1911; Oregon, January 23, 1911; Washington, January 26, 1911; Montana,
January 30, 1911; Indiana, January 30, 1911; California, January 31, 1911; Nevada,
January 31, 1911; South Dakota, February 3, 1911; Nebraska, February 9, 1911;
North Carolina, February 11, 1911; Colorado, February 15, 1911; North Dakota,
February 17, 1911; Kansas, February 18, 1911; Michigan, February 23, 1911; Iowa,
February 24, 1911; Missouri, March 16, 1911; Maine, March 31, 1911; Tennessee,
April 7, 1911; Arkansas, April 22, 1911 (after having rejected it earlier);
Wisconsin, May 26, 1911; New York, July 12, 1911; Arizona, April 6, 1912; Minnesota,
June 11, 1912; Louisiana, June 28, 1912; West Virginia, January 31, 1913; New
Mexico, February 3, 1913.
Ratification was completed on February 3, 1913.
The amendment was subsequently ratified by Massachusetts, March 4, 1913; New
Hampshire, March 7, 1913 (after having rejected it on March 2, 1911).
The amendment was rejected (and not subsequently ratified) by Connecticut, Rhode
Island, and Utah.